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River continuum concept
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River continuum concept : ウィキペディア英語版
River continuum concept

The River Continuum Concept (RCC) is a model for classifying and describing flowing water, in addition to the classification of individual sections of waters after the occurrence of indicator organisms.〔Blankenship, Karl. “The River Continuum Concept” Bay Journal. May 2000. http://www.bayjournal.com/article.cfm?article=1867 . 11/11/08.〕 The theory is based on the concept of dynamic equilibrium in which streamforms balance between physical parameters, such as width, depth, velocity, and sediment load, also taking into account biological factors.〔“River Continuum” Stroud Water Research Center. 2002-2005. http://www.stroudcenter.org/portrait/05.htm 11/11/08.
〕 It offers the introduction to map out pure living communities, but also an explanation for their sequence in individual sections of water. This allows the structure of the river to be more predictable as to the biological properties of the water. The concept was first developed in 1980 by Robin L. Vannote, with fellow researchers at the Stroud Water Research Center.〔“River Continuum” Stroud Water Research Center. 2002-2005. http://www.stroudcenter.org/portrait/05.htm 11/11/08.

== Background of RCC ==
The River Continuum Concept is based on the idea that a watercourse is an open ecosystem that is in constant interaction with the bank, and moving from source to mouth, constantly changing.〔Gordon D.N., T.A. McMahon, B.L. Finlayson, C.J. Gippel, R.J. Nathan: “Stream Hydrology - An Introduction for ECOLOGISTE”. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, W Suss 2004.〕 Basis for this change in the overall system is due to the gradual change of physical environmental conditions such as the width, depth, water, flow characteristics, temperature, and the complexity of the water. According to Vannote's hypothesis, which is based on the physical geomorphological theory, structural and functional characteristics of stream communities are selected to conform to the most probable position or mean state of the physical system.〔Strahler, A. N. “Hypsometric (area altitude) analysis of erosional topology”. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 63, 1117 - 1142. 1953.〕 As a river changes from headwaters to the lower reaches, there will be a change in the relationship between the production and consumption (respiration) of the material (P/R ratio).

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